INTRODUCTION:

Cosmetics are in use for thousands of years. The practice continues today, because of the growing importance of personal body and beauty care in many parts of the world. A growing interest among consumers in cosmetics has created the need for greater precision and scientific backup in the development and manufacturing processes of products. This has urged pharmacists to identify pharmaceutical technology as one of the relevant subjects for the future development of cosmetics.¹

Cosmetic is a Greek term that means to "adorn," or to add something aesthetically pleasing to someone or something. It can be described as a substance that comes into contact with the skin, hair, nails, lips, teeth, and mucous membranes, among other body parts.

Cosmetic products cover up body odor while also enhancing or modifying how the body appears on the outside. It shields the skin and maintains its health. Cosmetics are typically administered to the external areas of the body as external preparations.

Men and women always have dressed their bodies to enhance their look. Men wore animal parts and vegetable leaves, while ladies placed colored stones and flowers around their necks and wrists. They gradually simply apply ointments and colored dirt on their body and faces. Even bracelets and necklaces fashioned of materials from baked earth spread rapidly among the populace. Copper colored world ore and lamp black colored world were used to make eye shadow, while red was intended to color hair.²

Herbal oils:

Hair care:

Coconut oil:

Coconut oil is extracted from the fruit or seed of the Arecaceae-family coconut palm tree Cocos nucifera. Since coconut oil has a melting point of 24 - 25⁰C, it is commonly accessible in both solid and liquid forms (75-76 0F). Coconut oil does wonders to soften and moisturize the skin. According to a study, utilizing extra virgin coconut oil as a lubricant is safe and effective with no adverse reactions. When used for fourteen hours, coconut oil was proven to help reduce protein loss from wet combing of hair. Because coconut oil is high in lauric acid, which has potent antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-fungal properties, you won't develop scalp infections either because of this.^3,4,5

Castor oil:

Castor is a class of flowering plant in the Euphorbiaceae family Euphorbiaceae. Natural castor oil can treat and cure hair in three steps. On the scalp, it works to clean dead cells and move them in with new ones without adverse the scalp. It can completely kill the bacteria on the scalp, so the blood vessels in the head will be relieved and dandruff will not show up on the scalp. Your hair is now free from hair loss. Second, if you have previously used another chemical product, castor oil can help you recover from the side effects of chemical treatment products. This can make your hair brittle and dry. Finally, this oil is pure and contains emollients that are particularly good for the hair roots, which are known to be rugged roots for healthy hair. Castor oil acts as a hair conditioner, making it smooth and attractive.⁵

Amla:

Amla oil is obtained from the fruit of Phyllanthus Emblica (syn. Emblica officinalis). Helps Hair Growth by absorbing green vegetable juice along with 2-3 amla fruits that can prevent graying of hair. It has rugged and eye-opening effects on hair and skin. Amla stimulates hair follicles, improves hair growth, and furnishes acceptable nourishment to hair roots.⁶

Mustard oil:

Mustard oil is brought in from the seeds of the mustard plant, which does not belong to any family of the genera Synapis and Brassica. Examples contain Brassica nigra or black mustard, which is also grown in the United States. Sinapis hirta is now grown in Mediterranean Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Mustard seeds are rich in antioxidants, proteins, and fatty acids. Many experts recommend using natural or herbal remedies for common problems such as extending hair and hair loss. Products like high-quality mustard oil can effectively treat hair loss. without fear of possible unwanted side effects. again combining this herbal cure with henna can accelerate the effectiveness of mustard oil upon hair loss. The practice of using mustard oil to massage the scalp dates back at least 4,000 years in India. Aside from damping using mustard oil in a scalp massage can strengthen the muscles of the head and stretch the skin, one of her secrets is for Indian women to observe their hair long and silky.⁷

Sweet Almond oil:

Almond oil is obtained from Prunus dulcis. generally, almond oil contains about 78% of this fat. This oil contains very small amounts of essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has been innovative to be very nourishing, devitalize and toughen hair. Almond oil has also been established to be a very good cleanser. Almond oil has been used for centuries, even before it became expanded as a commercial agricultural product.⁴

Jasmine Oil:

before the around 200 categories of jasmine plants, only two of the Oleaceae family, Jasmine grandiflorum and Jasmine Officinale are used as raw materials for extracting essential oils. Jasmine essential oil has a sweet, floral aroma to acquire the essential oil, it is preferable to choose the flowers in darkness It takes a huge amount of petals to produce one ounce of jasmine essential oil. Hair Care and Strengthening - Jasmine essential oil is an awesome oil for nutritional and damping hair. Some claim that it can improve hair growth and reduce hair loss. If hair is dry and frizzy, simply add jasmine essential oil to your current organic shampoo to restore robust and healthy shine.⁸

Sesame oil:

Sesame oil is extracted from sesame seeds. Family Pedariaceae. Sesame oil advances in a diversity of aromas and colors.⁹ Sesame oil is highly nutritious, calming, and lubricating. In addition to being used as an edible oil to enhance flavor, it has a tall cosmetic effect and is awesome for scalp and hair growth. Sesame oil is rich in minerals such as vitamin E, vitamin B complex, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and protein to harden and profound nourish your hair from the roots.¹⁰

Argan oil:

Argan oil, often called Moroccan oil, is made from the nuts that the argan tree produces. Argan oil has various preventive properties in addition to making hair appear gorgeous because it is rich in fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamin E. Due to its deep golden hue, it is occasionally referred to as "liquid gold." Argan oil is better suited for persons with greasy-prone hair as well as those with dry, brittle, frizzy, or thick hair that is constantly treated and exposed to heat. Hair is shielded from heat and UV light damage by argan oil. Additionally, it hydrates and detangles hair, giving it a lustrous shine and making it silky and manageable.¹¹

Jojoba oil:

The jojoba plant produces jojoba oil, which would be pronounced ho-ho-ba. Because it has many features in common with sebum, the oil that comes through our scalps naturally, jojoba oil is excellent for utilization in hair. The natural balance of the scalp won't be disturbed. Jojoba oil is a great moisturizer since it thoroughly penetrates the hair follicle and shaft, working from the inside out. Furthermore, jojoba oil has antimicrobial properties. The best kind of jojoba oil to use on hair and skin is pure, unrefined jojoba oil. because there are no chemical ingredients. It is ideal for individuals with dry, damaged, or dull hair as well as dandruff and dry scalp disorders. Jojoba oil makes hair smooth and glossy, prevents dandruff and dry scalp, and moisturizes hair.¹¹

Lavender oil:

An essential oil called lavender oil is produced from lavender flowers. The result is fuller, thicker hair because it increases the number of hair follicles on the head. Furthermore, it possesses antifungal and antibacterial properties, making it the ideal solution for dandruff sufferers to apply. It stimulates hair growth and can even stop hair loss when rubbed to the scalp as part of a massage technique using a carrier oil. Less hair loss happens from the inherent right hair follicles that develop when lavender oil is rubbed on the scalp. All hair types gain using lavender oil, especially those who usually have oily hair on the front and back and a dry scalp in the rest of their hair.¹¹

Skincare:

Grapefruit oil:

Citrus paradisi, popularly known as Citrus racemosa and C. maxima var. racemosa, belongs to the Rutaceae family and is utilized to manufacture grapefruit oil. Creams, lotions, and washes Grapefruit oil can serve to clear up greasy, congested, and acne-prone skin whether used in a foundation cream, lotion or wash. It can also help the tissue get rid of cellulite and drain any additional retained water.¹²

Apricot Oil:

Prunus armeniaca, a species of the Rosaceae family, can be used to generate apricot oil out of its kernels. By cold pressing and refining the dried kernels, the oil can be extracted. Since it includes oleic acid and vitamin E, it is used for skin nutrition. It promotes a healthy status of the skin. Since it prevents the aging process and soothes and hydrates the skin, apricot oil is wonderful for sensitive skin. Apricot oil is an ingredient in balm, lotion, soap, and moisturizing creams.^13,14

Sunflower oil:

Beta-carotene, a highly pigmented, fat-soluble common ingredient in some fruits, vegetables, grains, and oils, is especially high in sunflower oil. Vitamin A, a compound with multiple antioxidant properties that can enhance the appearance and health of your skin, is generated from beta-carotene. Before and with sunflower oil in your diet, talk about the possible beta-carotene side effects and appearance with the physician. It is used as a makeup remover, sunburn, moisturizer, and anti-aging product.¹⁵^,¹⁶^,¹⁷

Rose oil:

Rosa centifolia and Rosa Damascena, that are siblings of the Rosaceae family, are the producers of the essential oil referred to as rose oil. Persia is where rose oil and rose oil were first discovered. Rose water and oil are used in several formulations, primarily prominently for facial and beauty treatments. Rose oil is a key component in Cleotropa's face masks, which also are known for their ancient beauty techniques. Rose oil is a moisturizer as well. In its liquid state, it is also popularly used as a skin purifier and disinfectant.¹⁸

Sandalwood oil:

According to botany, Santalum album L, a species of the Santalaceae family, is the source of sandalwood oil. The most expensive oil used in skin care products is sandalwood oil. It has astringent, antimicrobial, stimulating, balancing, and hydrating properties. It can be used with other plant-derived extracts in body lotions and hair oils can heal dry and wrinkled skin. For its sedative effects, sandalwood paste is used for skin peeling. The paste is designed to lessen skin tanning and blotching effects. Another technique for achieving a clear, smooth, and sparkling face is sandalwood paste.¹⁹

Calendula oil:

The species Calendula arvensis, which belongs to the Asteraceae family, is utilized to produce calendula oil. Calendula, commonly called pot marigold, is a genus of about 12 to 20 species of annual or perennial herbs that are oil-producing plants. Applying calendula tincture or solution topically to treat acne can reduce inflammation, stop bleeding, and relax itchy skin. It can protect the skin. Calendula oil helps well as a moisturizer. Oil also contains carotenoids which can nourish the skin.²⁰

Amla oil:

Amla oil is made from the fruits of the Phyllanthaceae (Phyllanthus Emblica, also referred to as Emblica Officinalis) plant. prevents photo-aging, a complex biological process that destroys the skin's various layers as a product of UV radiation from the sun. Amla's ability to neutralize oxidative stress helps to decrease this issue. The administration of dry amla powder dissolved with water improves skin smoothness. Take steps to prevent pimples. Pimples on the face are caused by contaminated blood and can be healed with amla and neem.⁶^,²¹

CONCLUSION:

Nowadays, there is a huge demand for and use herbal cosmetics. The bioactive substance in the combination can have an impact on how biologically the skin and hair work. There is a tonne of potential to introduce a variety of herbal essential oils, proteins, and other ingredients. The Indian herbal market is now experiencing very poor conditions, which may be addressed via methodical Research and development efforts, but it required active participation from the cosmetics industry, researchers, and the government.

REFERENCE:

1. M. Vimladevi, Textbook of cosmetics, published by CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, First edition 2005, Pages- 01 to 02.

2. G. K. Sharma, Jayesh Gadiya, Meenakshi Dhanawat, Textbook of Cosmetics Formulations, Published at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325023106, Page. 03-04.

3. Gediya S. K, Mistry R.B, Patel U.K, Blessy M, and Jain HN. Herbal plants: Used as cosmetics.1(1)2011: page-24-32

4. Aegero A.L, Verallo Rawell V.M. Dermatitis. 2004,5,3, page-109-192.

5. Aarti S, Mohile R.B, Cosmetic Science.54;2003: page- 175-192.

6. Chaudhuri RK, Gutierrez G, Serrar M. Low Molecular-Weight Tannins of Phyllanthus Emblica: A New Class of Anti-Aging Ingredients. Proceedings Active Ingredients Conference, Paris. 2003.

7. Natural oil for hair care. Available on http://www.oilforhair. org/mustard-oil-for-hair.

8. Suresh A. Five herbal oils to prevent hair loss. Dec. 2012. Available from URL: http://health.india.com/beauty/five-herbal-oils-to-prevent-hair-loss.

9. Sharma MC. Jasmin oil 2012; Available on URL:shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6118/.../07_chapter%20/

10. Kapoor VP. Herbal cosmetics for skin and hair care. Natural product radiance.4 (4); 2005 page- 306-14.

11. Dr. Aijaz A. Sheikh, Dr. Subhash V. Deshmane, Dr. Kailash R. Biyani, A Textbook of Cosmetic Science, Published by Pee Vee Publications, Page- 45-92

12. Esoteric oil, the world of pure essential oils. Available on http://www.essentialoils.co.za/essential-oils/grapefruit.htm.

13. Rose J. Herbs used as oils/EO from herbs 375 Essential oils and hydrosols, 1919. Available from URL:http://www.jeannerose.net

14. Essential oil. Available on URL: http://www.essentialoil.in/apricot-oil.html.

15. Jain D, Jain Y, Jain M. Herbal cosmeceuticals. Global research on traditional reports. 1(1); 2013 Page-7-11.

16. Gediya SK, Mistry RB, Patel UK, Blessy M, Jain HN. Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resource, (1); 2011 page-24 to 32.

17. Patel CJ, Tyagi S, Kumar U, Patel P, Chaudhari B, Patel S, Mangukia D. Importance of Different Herbal Plants in field of Cosmetics: A recent Review. Journal of Drug Discovery and Therapeutics, 1; 2013: page.19 – 27.

18. Razz M, Rani B. Intrinsic benefits and therapeutic applications of rose water. Universal journal of pharmacy. 2(2); 2013: page. 4-7.

19. Bhowmik D. Recent aspect of the ethnobotanical application and medicinal properties of traditional Indian santalum album. Int. journal of chemical research.1(2);2011: page. 25-27

20. Jain D, Jain Y, Jain M. Herbal cosmeceuticals. Global research on traditional reports. 1(1); 2013: page.7-11.

21. Mirunalini S. Vaithiyananthan V. Krishnaveni M. Amala: a novel ayurvedic herb as a functional food for health"- A mini-review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5(1); 2013: page.1-4.

Received on 29.08.2022 Accepted on 23.10.2022

Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2022; 13(2):101-104.

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5844.2022.00017